The journal AG Salud (ISSN 3006-6859) has changed its name to Salud Integral y Comunitaria (ISSN 3105-7977). This change follows a recommendation from a previous editorial evaluation, aiming to make the journal’s focus on comprehensive and community health explicit and free of ambiguity. All previously published articles will remain available, and we look forward to continuing to receive your valuable submissions. Kind regards, The Editorial Committee
The article is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Unless otherwise stated, associated published material is distributed under the same licence.
Clinical characterization of women with migraine in neurology consultation
Introduction: migraine is a disease of the central nervous system that presents with recurrent headache, accompanied by autonomic symptoms and increased sensitivity to stimuli. Aim: to describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of women with migraine in a neurology consultation. Methodology: an observational, descriptive and cross- sectional study was carried out. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data and the chi square statistic was used to determine the possible association between qualitative variables. Results: a total of 40 patients were evaluated. The mean age was 30.7(SD=7.55) years. Patients whit white and black skin color predominated, 75% presented migraine episodes whithout aura. The patients had moderate to severe pain intensity with visual analog scale (VAS) score 7.70 (SD = 1.77), 100% presented severe disability with Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS) score 23.2 (SD= 1.91), 75% of the patients had a very severe headache impact with HIT-6 score 62.5 (SD = 4.40). There wasn’t association between pain intensity and family history of migraine (p=0,804). Conclusion: young women are the ones who most frecuently attend neurology consultations with great disability and the impact of headache.
Copyright (c) 2024 Lisbel Garzón Cutiño, Libertad Engracia Valdés Izquierdo, Damian Valdés Santiago, Hamna Coello Caballero (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Nursing assessment of people with Multiple Sclerosis
Introduction: Multiple Sclerosis is a chronic neurological disease that affects the myelin of the central nervous system, causing motor, sensory, and cognitive impairment. Its unpredictable evolution requires a comprehensive nursing assessment to identify needs and promote self-care. Objective: To describe the nursing assessment process in a person diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis, applying Marjory Gordon’s functional health patterns to identify actual and potential problems. Methods: A clinical case study conducted in an outpatient care setting. Data were collected through a semi-structured interview, direct observation, and clinical record review. Information was analyzed using Gordon’s functional patterns, and nursing diagnoses were formulated according to NANDA taxonomy, NOC outcomes, and NIC interventions. Results: Alterations were identified in activity-exercise, health perception-management, and coping-stress tolerance patterns. Interventions focused on health education, therapeutic adherence promotion, and psychological coping enhancement, showing improvement in autonomy and perceived well-being. Conclusions: Nursing assessment based on theoretical models enables a holistic understanding of the needs of people with Multiple Sclerosis, fostering individualized, continuous, and patient-empowering care.
Copyright (c) 2026 Zucely Maibrit Artiaga Rosas , Alexandra Flores Reyes, Danna Cruz Martínez , Blanca Esparza López , Michel Oria Saavedra , María del Pilar Vargas Escamilla, Anibal Espinosa Aguilar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Nursing assessment in an elderly adult with Diabetes Mellitus
Introduction: Diabetes mellitus in older adults represents a challenge for nursing due to comorbidities, functional decline, and social vulnerability. Nursing care focused on basic human needs allows for the identification of risks, the promotion of self-care, and the improvement of quality of life. Objective: To apply the Nursing Care Process in an older adult with diabetes mellitus, using NANDA, NOC, and NIC taxonomies, in order to establish individualized, safe, and evidence-based care. Methods: A descriptive study based on the Nursing Care Process using Virginia Henderson’s assessment model. Altered needs were identified through interviews, observation, and physical examination. Nursing diagnoses were established according to NANDA, expected outcomes according to NOC, and interventions based on NIC. Results: Priority diagnoses included ineffective management of the therapeutic regimen and risk for unstable blood glucose level. Interventions included health education, glucose monitoring, and self-care promotion. Improvement was observed in treatment adherence, glycemic control, and family participation. Conclusions: Comprehensive nursing assessment in older adults with diabetes mellitus enables holistic, person-centered care that promotes autonomy, reduces complications, and optimizes quality of life.
Copyright (c) 2026 Adriana Callejas Trejo , Yuridia Itsel Tellez Villanueba , Angelica Ángeles Uribe, Esmeralda García Jiménez , Citlali Hernández Martínez, Itzel Guadalupe Gaspar Manríquez , Michel Oria Saavedra (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Nursing assessment of people with bone metastases
Introduction: Bone metastasis is one of the most frequent complications in patients with advanced cancer, causing severe pain, functional limitation, and emotional distress. Nursing assessment is essential to identify needs and design individualized care that promotes patient well-being and quality of life. Objective: To present a nursing clinical case focused on the comprehensive assessment of a person with bone metastasis, applying the nursing process based on functional health patterns. Methods: A clinical case study was conducted on an adult female patient diagnosed with bone metastasis secondary to breast cancer. Data were collected through interviews, direct observation, and review of the clinical record. The assessment was carried out using Virginia Henderson’s model of the 14 fundamental needs, considering physical, psychological, and social dimensions. Results: The assessment identified priority problems related to cancer pain, reduced mobility, sleep disturbance, and ineffective coping. Nursing diagnoses and interventions were formulated focusing on pain control, emotional support, and self-care promotion. The implemented care plan improved comfort and patient participation in her treatment. Conclusions: This case demonstrates that comprehensive and systematic nursing assessment guides clinical decision-making and strengthens the autonomous role of nurses in managing patients with bone metastasis.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sarahi Flores Hernández , Areli Moctezuma Santillan , Patricia San Juan Antonio , C. Michel Oria Saavedra, C. Anibal Espinosa Aguilar , Elisa López Pérez (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with fractures in older adults treated in a public hospital in Paraguay in 2024
Introduction: Fractures in the elderly constitute a significant public health problem due to their high incidence and impact on morbidity and mortality. Globally, an estimated 178 million fractures occurred in 2019, a number that is increasing due to the aging population. Older adults, especially women, are most susceptible, and most of their fractures are caused by low-energy trauma (falls from standing height). Objective: To identify the factors associated with fractures in older adults treated at a public hospital in Paraguay in 2024. Methodology: A descriptive, cross-sectional observational study. One hundred patients aged ≥60 years with a history of bone fracture, treated at the Trauma Service of a surgical specialty hospital between January and July 2024, were included. Sociodemographic data, comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes), and fracture characteristics (anatomical location, mechanism, type, and treatment) were collected from medical records. Results: The mean age was 76.3±7.9 years (median 77); 78% were female. The average body mass index was ~25 kg/m². Sixty-nine percent had hypertension and 34% had diabetes mellitus. The predominant mechanism was a fall from standing height (84%). The most frequently affected bone was the proximal femur (61%), followed by the distal radius (17%) and the proximal humerus (10%). Ninety-eight percent of the fractures were closed (non-compound), and all received surgical treatment. Discussion: Fragility fractures primarily affected older women with common comorbidities, typically occurring due to low-energy falls and affecting osteoporotic bones (hip, wrist, humerus). These findings are consistent with international literature and highlight the need to prevent falls and implement proactive management of bone health (e.g., treatment of osteoporosis) to reduce the incidence of fractures and their consequences in the elderly population.
Copyright (c) 2026 Márcia Nayane Da Silva, Rossana Elizabeth Poletti Duarte, Luciana Daniela Garlisi-Torales, Marco A. Chaparro (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Prevalence of Pneumonia in children under 2 years of age in the Public Hospital of Paraguay, during October 2023 to January 2024
Introduction: Pneumonia is an acute condition that causes inflammation in the lungs, affecting the alveoli. It requires adequate attention, since factors such as viral or bacterial load, living conditions, diet and maternal care can increase children's predisposition to develop it. Pneumonia can cause severe lung damage and, in extreme cases, be fatal.Objectives: Determine the prevalence of pneumonia in children under 2 years of age at the Loma Pyta maternal and child hospital during the months of October 2023 to January 2024. Materials and methods: Observational descriptive cross-sectional, retrospective. Accessible population: breastfeeding patients who attend the Loma Pyta Maternal and Child Hospital, from October 2023 to January 2024. Results and discussion: The prevalence was higher in females (61%) and in children from 16 to 19 months of age (36%). The majority of patients came from the urban area (60%), related to the proximity At the healthcare center, the most frequent signs and symptoms were fever (100%), cough (93.9%), irritability (80.8%) and dyspnea (78%). The most prevalent pathogen was Streptococcus pneumoniae (80%). .The predominant treatment was antibiotics. Limitations included: a small sample, lack of analysis of risk factors such as breastfeeding, smoking, daycare attendance, low weight or nutritional status. Conclusion: It was possible to determine the prevalence of pneumonia in children under 2 years of age from October 2023 to January 2024, identifying the sociodemographic and clinical data, describing the signs and symptoms of pneumonia and identifying the most frequent agent of pneumonia was streptococcus pneumoniae. , more studies are required to draw conclusions on the epidemiology of pediatric pneumonia.
Copyright (c) 2026 Leticia Batista de Lacerda, Mariano Roque Alonso, Débora Paes de Souza, Silvana da Rocha Días da Silveira, María Adela Pérez Velilla (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Difficulties faced by medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic
Introduction: During the COVID-19 pandemic, medical education faced a rapid transition to virtual modalities that impacted clinical and theoretical learning. Health restrictions limited access to hospitals and practices, affecting student training. This study analyzes medical students' perceptions of virtual teaching during the pandemic, their main difficulties, and the resources used. Objective: To identify the problems associated with virtual medical education during the COVID-19 pandemic, evaluate the availability of technological resources, and analyze students' perceptions of the effectiveness of distance learning. Methods: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach was conducted. The population included 134 final-year medical students from a private university in Asunción. Data were obtained through validated surveys and analyzed statistically. Results: Seventy-three percent of participants were women, with an average age of 24.6 years. Ninety-nine percent had internet access, and 88% learned to use new educational platforms. Laptops were the main tool used. Sixty-one percent expressed satisfaction with virtual education, highlighting the availability of materials and the increased time available for studying. However, 54% reported difficulties in maintaining grades, and 60% considered the clinical knowledge acquired to be insufficient. Conclusions: Students recognize advantages in virtual education, such as flexibility and access to resources, but emphasize the need for in-person practice for comprehensive medical learning and adequate clinical preparation
Copyright (c) 2026 Juan Manuel Invernizzi Prats (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Validation of the Time Management Behavior Questionnaire in Cuban University Students
Introduction: The Time Management Behavior Questionnaire (TMBQ) assessed behaviors related to time management and had not been adapted for the Cuban context. The objective of this research was to validate the Cuban version of the TMBQ in university students. Methods: A technological assessment study was conducted using quantitative techniques. The reliability of the instrument was determined using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed to assess the construct validity of the instrument. Results: A total of 131 university students participated. A global Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.853 was reported. The exploratory factor analysis partially reproduced the original structure (KMO = 0.730, Bartlett's test X2(1379) = 528, p < 0.001). The confirmatory factor analysis corroborated the consistency of the factors. Conclusions: The adapted TMBQ questionnaire has adequate psychometric properties of reliability and construct validity, indicating that it can be used to measure how university students manage their time.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yanelys Soto Plutín , Damian Valdés Santiago (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Complex intestinal ascariasis with secondary peritoneal obstruction and irritation. Report of a case
Roundworm (Ascaris lumbricoides) is a nematode known in Latin America as the roundworm. It belongs to the group of parasites transmitted through contact with contaminated soil and is the most common helminthiasis worldwide, especially in children aged 2 to 10 years. In Paraguay, the prevalence of intestinal parasitosis in school-aged children is high, mainly due to poor sanitary conditions and adverse socioeconomic factors. In this context, we present the case of a 3-year-old female patient, a resident of a rural area, who presented with severe abdominal pain, vomiting, fever, and abdominal distension. The physical examination revealed signs of peritoneal irritation, and stool examination confirmed the presence of Ascaris lumbricoides eggs. Imaging studies showed intestinal obstruction and abundant worms in the small intestine. Due to the severity of the condition, emergency surgery was performed, removing the parasites and performing peritoneal lavage. The patient made a favorable outcome after treatment. This case highlights the importance of timely diagnosis and comprehensive management of ascariasis complications, as well as the need to strengthen prevention strategies, health education, and access to treatment in vulnerable communities to reduce the incidence and complications associated with this parasitic infection.
Copyright (c) 2026 Leila Wannis, Dalila Recalde, Sara Gimenez, Lucia Benitez, Katya Nuñez (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Resilience and life satisfaction in migrant university students residing in Lima
This research implies the study of the relationship between two variables, which are resilience and satisfaction with life. For which, the main objective was to determine the degree of relationship between resilience and satisfaction with life in internal migrant university students. Regarding the research methodology, a Descriptive correlational study with a non-experimental cross-sectional design, the sample was made up of 115 migrant university students residing in Metropolitan Lima, the instruments used to collect the relevant data for this study were the Wagnild and Young (1993) resilience scale and the Diener and Emmons life satisfaction scale. The results achieved in this research determined that the correlation between the study variables is significant (r = 0,567), in the same way the values expressed for the correlations of satisfaction with life and the dimensions of resilience such as equanimity, perseverance, Confidence in himself, Personal satisfaction and Feeling good alone were next (0,558, 0,324, 0,539, 0,482, 0,453) respectively. The research concluded that the higher the level of resilience there is a higher level of satisfaction with life in internal migrant university students from Metropolitan Lima.
Copyright (c) 2023 Fernando Joel Rosario Quiroz, Alex Wilington Espinoza Oncoy (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
¿Vampirism or porphyria? Clarifying the enigma
Introduction: vampirism is the behavior of a person who acts like a vampire. Vampires are not real beings, but for two centuries there have been countless medical studies carried out to provide a causal and pathogenic response to the phenomenon. The exact disease that causes most of these vampiric alterations is porphyria. Objective: to describe the relationship between the classic signs and symptoms of the porphyric patient and the appearance and lifestyle of the mythical vampire. Method: a literature review was carried out during the period from August 1 to 20, 2023. Articles published in the last 5 years in Spanish and English were included and repeated or incomplete articles were excluded. The ScieELO, Medigraphic, and PubMed databases were reviewed. The search terms included Vampirism, Vampirism in Medicine, Porphyria, as well as their translation into English. Development: the association between vampirism and porphyria is probably the most famous. Erythropoietic congenital porphyria is the one associated with vampirism. It causes hypersensitivity to light and chronic hemolytic anemia. The similarities between the impressive description of the vampire's anatomy and the physical appearance of porphyria sufferers are more than evident. Conclusions: many diseases have been proposed as an explanation for the appearance and behavior of this enigmatic character, with porphyria being the most accurate. Photosensitivity, pale skin, erythroderma and dark clothing are distinctive features of the “bloodsucking monsters” and are consistent with the clinical expression of the aforementioned disease.
Copyright (c) 2023 Dionis Ruiz Reyes, Adriel Herrero Díaz, Ileana Beatriz Quiroga López (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Aneurysm in the first segment of the superior cerebellar artery: Case report
Introduction: Superior cerebellar artery aneurysms are rare lesions. This location comprises 0.2 % of all intracranial aneurysms, around 60 % debut with subarachnoid hemorrhage, frecuently from small aneurysms. Case report: A 54- year- old famale patient who began with a sudden headache and loss of consciousness that caused her to fall to the ground. She is diagnosed with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage. Angiography was performed, which showed an aneurysm of the left superior cerebellar artery. Conclusion: The diagnosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage secondary to an aneurysm of the anterior pontomesencephalic segment of the superior cerebellar artery is an unusual finding.
Copyright (c) 2024 Lisbel Garzón Cutiño, Maytee Olivera Vega, Lianet Pérez Esquivel, May Ling Yong Wong, Deborah Cabrera Rodriguez (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Level of knowledge about laughter therapy in nursing professionals
Laughter therapy, recognized as a psychotherapeutic technique that uses laughter to promote physical, psychological and social benefits, is a complementary strategy in health care. This study aimed to assess the level of knowledge about laughter therapy in nursing professionals. A quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional design study was carried out, with a simple descriptive level. The results showed that 84.6% of the participants reached a medium level of knowledge about laughter therapy, while 7.7% presented low and high levels respectively. In the dimensions, physical and psychological well-being showed a predominance of medium level with 69.2%, and social well-being registered 61.5% at medium level and 30.8% at high level. The specific laughter therapy dimension had 76.9% at medium level. It was concluded that, although general knowledge is intermediate, there are opportunities to strengthen it, particularly in the specific dimensions of the technique.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sleyter Pérez-Grández, Nora Nieto-Penadillo, Nérida González-González, Timoteo Ramírez-Raymundo, Rosa Elgiba García-García (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Immune thrombocytopenia a key piece of the puzzle for the diagnosis of atypical systemic lupus erythematosus in critically ill patients. Case report
Introduction: immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by autoantibody-mediated destruction of platelets, resulting in low platelet count and increased risk of bleeding, and may be an initial manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), especially in patients with findings suggestive of autoimmunity. Clinical Case: a 52-year-old male presented with fever, hematuria, generalized petechiae (including mucous membranes), myalgia, mucosal bleeding, oliguria progressive to anuria, and severe arterial hypertension. Initial studies revealed severe anemia, severe thrombocytopenia, and acute kidney injury, which led to his admission to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Complementary studies showed positive ANA, low complement (C3, C4), and positive anti-Ro, while anti-dsDNA antibodies, ANCA, and markers of antiphospholipid syndrome were negative. Imaging revealed pulmonary edema with mild alveolar hemorrhage and renal ultrasound findings consistent with active lupus nephritis. These findings raised the possibility that severe thrombocytopenia was a prelude to SLE. After initial treatment refractory, the patient was escalated to rituximab, with a favorable response without complications, which allowed discharge from the ICU. Conclusions: this case highlights the importance of considering SLE in patients with refractory thrombocytopenia without apparent cause, even in men, and underlines the need for a multidisciplinary approach for timely diagnosis and treatment, thus preventing serious complications.
Copyright (c) 2025 Paul Cardozo Gil, Fernando Peralta, Jhossmar Cristians Auza-Santivañez, Mariela Marpartida Vildoso, Eduardo Ustarez, José Bismarck Ortiz Baptista, Franz Quiroz Carrasco, Freddy Ednildon Bautista Vanegas (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Smoking as a risk factor for the health of individuals
Introduction: smoking is considered a dangerous risk factor for illness, complications and mortality from diseases of the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, respiratory, genitourinary and nervous systems. It puts not only the smoking population at risk but also those exposed to environmental tobacco smoke. Objective: to describe the risk factors of smoking for people's health. Method: a descriptive bibliographic review was carried out from July to August 2021 at the University of Medical Sciences Villa Clara. Different search engines and bibliographic resources of national and international prestige, the VHL, Infomed, ClinicalKey and books were used, with respect to the principles of medical ethics. Development: tobacco consumption is a risk factor that predisposes to various diseases. These include respiratory diseases (chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma), cardiovascular diseases (ischemic heart disease, atherosclerosis, arterial hypertension and myocardial infarction) and various types of cancer (lung cancer, gastric cancer, lip cancer, laryngeal cancer, esophageal cancer). It is also particularly harmful during pregnancy. It not only harms smokers, but also passive smokers. Conclusions: it was concluded that smoking represents the main risk factor for different chronic non-communicable diseases such as respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, different types of cancer, and in adult women it affects pregnancy and the baby's location. In addition, it significantly increases the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dionis Ruiz Reyes, Maikro Osvaldo Chávez Moya, Adriel Herrero Díaz, Ileana Beatriz Quiroga López (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Control and inspection of prescription drugs, narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and others with similar effects
Introduction: The appropriate use of medications has emerged as a crucial public health issue, given that misuse can have serious repercussions on people's health and finances. This phenomenon requires a multidisciplinary approach involving sectors such as education, economics, and social communication, due to associated risk factors such as work-related stress and anxiety. Objective: To describe the control and oversight of prescription drugs, narcotics, psychotropic substances, and other substances with similar effects. Development: The paper highlights the need for a solid legal framework and ongoing training for health professionals in best practices. Collaboration between government agencies, health institutions, and community organizations is essential to address the problem of substance abuse. Furthermore, the paper emphasizes the importance of evidence-based protocols and guidelines to guide prescribers in making appropriate decisions. Conclusions: Despite efforts, significant challenges persist in the regulation and oversight of medications. It is essential to promote education and ethics in prescribing, as well as to establish pharmacy and therapeutics committees to improve the quality of health care. The availability of reliable information is key to ensuring safe and effective use of medications.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dionis Ruiz Reyes, Maikro Osvaldo Chávez Moya, Ileana Beatriz Quiroga López, Adriel Herrero Díaz (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Nurse’s Characteristics as a Leader in Emergency Settings: a Bibliographic Review
Introduction: The nurse's leadership in emergency settings plays a crucial role in the efficiency and safety of care provision, where swift and critical decisions in unstable environments are required. The nurse's ability to lead teams, coordinate resources, and ensure the quality of care can be decisive in guaranteeing favorable outcomes for both team and patients. Objective: To identify and synthesize evidence on the nurse’s characteristics as a leader in emergency settings. Methods: A rapid review following the Cochrane methodology. A search was conducted in two databases: CINAHL Complete and MEDLINE Complete. The methodological quality assessment and risk of bias for the selected studies were conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute's critical appraisal tools. The results from the studies were summarized narratively. Results: Three articles were selected. The nurse’s characteristics as a leader in emergency settings were synthesized into three key domains: intellectual, encompassing knowledge and cognitive skills; technical, related to clinical and procedural expertise; and relational, with a strong emphasis on effective communication, the most frequently cited attribute. Conclusions: This review’s findings provide a foundational reference for future research, underscoring the need for further primary studies to expand and deepen the understanding of nursing leadership in emergency settings.
Copyright (c) 2026 Joana Reis, Débora Dias, Nísia Nunes, Sara Ruxa (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Introduction: the functional valuation is one of the pillars of the valuation integral geriatric and it consists on the study of the old man's physical capacities in all its spectrum, from the tasks simpler motorboats and its car capacity taken care until the exercise and the independence in the environment. Objective: to characterize the state of the biggest population's of adults health, belonging to the Medical Clinic of the Family (CMF) Moncada, Policlínico Community Siblings Martínez Tamayo of the municipality Baracoa, during the period of April 2022 -to January 2022 Methods: he/she was carried out a descriptive, retrospective and traverse study. The study population was conformed by the biggest 100 adults (60 years and but) of both sexes, which completed the proposed inclusion approaches. The information was obtained through an interview to patient and relatives supported in a guide in correspondence with the variables to investigate (age, sex, biomedical, functional, psychological and social evaluation) and of the ambulatory clinical histories. The results were presented in distribution charts using as summary measure the number and percent, word processor Microsoft Word and Excel. Results: in the studied population the feminine sex prevailed on the masculine one. Starting from the 60 years they begin to appear the sensorial alterations and less than half of the studied old men they are functionally independent, while starting from the 80 years the dependence prevalence increases. The old men that are dependent for the ABVD are also it for the AIVD. Conclusions: the studied bigger population of adults has a good state of health.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yunaisys Mosqueda Lobaina, Amalia Matos Rodríguez, Dariel Marín González (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Bibliometric analysis of the Spicien 2023 student scientific event
Introduction: the students of medical sciences through different scientific events have achieved active scientific and research work. Bibliometric analyzes constitute studies that are widely useful and easy to apply. They allow the productivity of these events to be evaluated, as well as publications and the management of magazines. Objective: to characterize the works presented in the first edition of the National Medical Research Event Spicien 2023. Method: an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study with a bibliometric design was carried out on the 39 articles presented at the Spicien 2023 event during the month of May. Absolute and relative percentage frequency and Price index were used. Results: original articles predominated (n=21 53,84 %), evidencing a preference for preclinical sciences (n=11 28,20 %). There were 115 participants, the majority of whom were female (n=65 56,52 %) and the male as the first author (n=22 56,41 %). There were many articles with two authors (n=15 38,46 %). The University of Medical Sciences of Granma was the most productive with 25 affiliations. 539 references were used, with an average of 14 references per article. The Price Index was found between 0,64 and 1. Conclusions: the original articles related to preclinical sciences stood out. Articles with two authors, female authorship, affiliation to the University of Medical Sciences of Granma, references in Spanish and a low Price Index characterized Spicien 2023.
Copyright (c) 2025 Adriel Herrero Díaz , Maynelis Díaz Nuñez, Ilian Esteban Tarife Romero, Luis Manuel Abreu Pereira, Dionis Ruiz Reyes , Diana Rosa González Tamayo (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Incidence of confinement due to COVID-19 on people's perception of their physical exercise habits
The present article shows research whose objective is to know the perception of people who performed physical exercise regularly before confinement in order to understand the possible changes in the routine and habits of physical exercise during the exceptional situation of confinement. It is a qualitative research, from a basic descriptive and interpretative perspective for which it is designed an open interview for a sample of 8 subjects selected for practicing physical exercise regularly before confinement and are in strict confinement. Principal conclusions show the variability of confinement experiences and a practice of physical exercise related to personal characteristics and the relevance of the knowledge about physical exercise practice to adapt the activity to personal needs.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ana Karina Coronel Tenorio , Manuel Ángel González Berruga (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Prevalence of intestinal parasitosis in children aged 0 to 10 years from a rural area in Esmeraldas, Ecuador
Introduction: Intestinal parasitosis is an infection of the digestive tract caused by protozoa and helminths, transmitted by contaminated water and food, contact with infected soil or from person to person. It represents a public health problem, with high prevalence in children, especially in tropical and subtropical areas. Factors such as poverty, lack of hygiene and limited access to drinking water favor its spread. In Latin America, the prevalence ranges between 20-80%, with an impact on child development. In Ecuador, it mainly affects children due to immunological immaturity and poor sanitary conditions. The aim is to know the prevalence in the Tachina parish to reinforce control strategies, promoting hygiene, sanitation and deworming campaigns to reduce infection and improve child health. Methods: The study has a cross-sectional, descriptive, and retrospective approach of anonymized data descriptively analyzed in SPSS 20.7. Results: 445 children from 0 to 10 years old were analyzed, with greater representation of the 5–10-year-old group (55%). Parasitosis affected 69% of cases, predominating in the 5-10 age group (67%). Polyparasitism was more frequent (59%) than monoparasitism (41%). Protozoa were the most common parasites, with Entamoeba coli standing out (30%). Among helminths, Ascaris lumbricoides was the most prevalent (59%). Conclusions: The results highlight the high parasitic load in children, with a predominance of polyparasitism, possibly due to inadequate hygiene habits or lack of access to drinking water. Therefore, it is recommended to reinforce education in personal hygiene and healthy habits in schools and communities.
Evelin Alexandra Zúñiga Sosa Evelin Alexandra Zúñiga Sosa
Copyright (c) 2025 Evelin Alexandra Zúñiga Sosa, Hoover Xavier Zúñiga Escalante (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Prevention and health promotion: A strategy for linking academia with society
Introduction: Health promotion, as defined by the WHO, aims to strengthen individual and community capacities to improve social, environmental, and economic conditions, achieving a comprehensive impact to prevent disease onset, slow its progression, and minimize its consequences. In Latin America, Primary Health Care (PHC) policies have been promoted since 1986, despite challenges related to equity and sustainability. In Ecuador, following the COVID-19 pandemic, the Ten-Year Health Plan 2022-2031 was implemented as a public policy to establish objectives, strategies, and goals for improving population health. Aligned with this initiative, PUCESE has developed programs to promote health through its community outreach efforts. Method: This study employed a cross-sectional, descriptive, and retrospective analysis of data recorded in Excel, which included the total number of interventions and anonymized information about the project beneficiaries. Results: A total of 2,591 residents from northern communities in the province of Esmeraldas benefited from a single medical care intervention. This intervention identified key health conditions and facilitated the development of individualized and collective promotion and prevention measures tailored to the population’s needs. Conclusions: Community outreach initiatives strengthen public health policies and foster strategic partnerships to ensure access to basic services, reducing morbidity and mortality. Human-centered PHC enhances prevention and improves quality of life through integrated care networks. Moreover, promoting healthy habits and addressing social determinants of health are vital to combating poverty, inequality, and malnutrition, thereby contributing to the development of just and sustainable societies.
Copyright (c) 2025 Evelin Alexandra Zúñiga Sosa (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Impact of Telemedicine on Treatment Adherence in Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Telemedicine has emerged as an effective tool to improve treatment adherence, facilitate access to medical care, and enable continuous patient monitoring. This review analyzes various telemedicine interventions, such as remote monitoring, mobile applications, and video consultations, which have shown to reduce blood pressure, lower hospitalization rates, and improve quality of life. However, challenges remain regarding technological access and healthcare staff training, particularly in rural areas. Inclusive public policies and strengthened technological infrastructure are recommended to maximize the impact of telemedicine.
Copyright (c) 2026 Cecilia Elizabeth Fernández Cobeñas, D. Castro Guerra, E. Bazualdo Fiorini, Z. Arana Alvarado, Segundo Bueno Ordoñez (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Incidence Of Anemia In Pregnant Women In A District Hospital In Paraguay, During The Year 2024
Introduction: Iron deficiency anemia is the most common during pregnancy, caused by a decrease in hemoglobin concentration, a decrease in hematimetric indices and producing maternal-fetal complications during pregnancy. Objectives: Determine the incidence of anemia in pregnant women in a District hospital in Paraguay, during the year 2024. Methodology: observational, descriptive cross-sectional. Through the registration of data from a district hospital in Paraguay without any type of intervention in the course of these. The sample consisted of 185 pregnant women. Results and discussion: the majority age was 28 and 37 years (52%), mostly from the city of Limpio (67%) and with a secondary educational level (53%). The educational and economic level is related to the appearance, The number of births and nutritional deficiencies can contribute to anemia, affecting fetal development. In the study, 54% of the patients had mild anemia, and 42% had moderate anemia, with the number of prenatal controls being a key factor in preventing complications. The absence of treatment in the mother affects fetal development, increasing the risk of premature birth. and limit the production of hemoglobin and oxygen in the maternal body. Conclusion: It was possible to identify the sociodemographic and clinical variables of the pregnant patients such as age, marital status, origin, educational level, parity, gestational age and diagnosis method, the type of anemia was satisfactorily determined according to the trimester of pregnancy and was correlated with the number of prenatal checkups.
Copyright (c) 2026 Msc. María Adela Pérez Velilla, Dra. Paola Toffoletti, Dra. Leila Marian Wannis, Dra. Daniela Garlisi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
“Waiting time and satisfaction level in adult outpatient traumatology patients in a hospital in Cajamarca, 2025”
Introduction: Patient satisfaction is an essential indicator of healthcare quality, and waiting time significantly influences their perception of the service received. Objective: To determine the degree of relationship between waiting time and the level of satisfaction in adult outpatients attending the traumatology service of a hospital in Cajamarca, 2025. Materials and methods: This is a quantitative, analytical, and cross-sectional study with a non-probabilistic convenience sample of 83 patients. A validated 25-item questionnaire is used, measuring five dimensions of satisfaction and waiting times across different areas. Statistical analysis includes the chi-square test and Spearman's rho. Results: A significant negative correlation is found between waiting time and satisfaction level (p<0.001; Rho=-4.16). A total of 60.2% of patients report being satisfied, and 37.3% report being pleased. The longest delays are identified in the admissions area. Variables such as age (p=0.049) and type of insurance (p<0.001) show a significant association with satisfaction. Conclusions: Reducing waiting times, especially in initial administrative processes, may increase outpatient satisfaction.
Copyright (c) 2026 Aylin Kaori Carrascal Silva, Angie Jhoana Castrejón Zambrano, María Nela Gutiérrez Valera, Bazualdo Fiorini, Enzo, Segundo Bueno Ordoñez (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Comprehensive Surgical Approach To Acute Abdomen With Combined Pathologies: A Case Report From Paraguay
Acute abdomen requires urgent intervention for potentially life-threatening conditions. We report the case of a 59-year-old male with acute abdominal pain and bloody stools treated at the Regional Hospital of Pilar, Paraguay. Exploratory laparotomy revealed intestinal ischemia with necrosis, congestive appendicitis, inguinal hernia, colocolic intussusception, and diverticulosis. A comprehensive surgical approach resulted in favorable postoperative recovery. This case highlights the critical role of timely diagnosis and multidisciplinary management in optimizing outcomes for complex acute abdomen presentations.
Copyright (c) 2026 Márcia Nayane Da Silva, Jessica Benitez Duarte, José Domingo Alvarez Gomez, Luciana Daniela Garlisi-Torales, Rossana Elizabeth Poletti Duarte (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Benefits and limitations of minimally invasive surgery in coronary revascularization: a systematic review
Coronary artery disease is one of the leading causes of mortality in the world, with treatments such as coronary artery bypass surgery seeking to restore arterial flow. Traditionally, this procedure is performed via sternotomy, with significant recovery times and risks. For this reason, minimally invasive surgery (MIDCAB) has emerged as a promising alternative, reducing complications. This work evaluates the benefits and limitations of MIDCAB. METHODS: A search was conducted in SCOPUS, PUBMED and SCIELO for studies published between 2020 and 2025, in Spanish and English, with open access, cohort and retrospective studies that addressed mortality rates, perioperative complications, hospitalization and recovery times. The final synthesis was based on 20 articles after filtering. RESULTS show that MIDCAB has low perioperative mortality rates (0.6%-3.5%) and limited complications, such as stroke (0%-2.3%) and perioperative myocardial infarction (0.6%-1, 6%). Hospitalization and recovery times were also shorter, with average ICU stays of 0.4 to 6.6 days. In the long term, MIDCAB showed a 10-year survival of 94.3%, highlighting its durability and effectiveness. CONCLUSION, MIDCAB represents a safe and effective option for coronary revascularization, especially in patients at high surgical risk or with limitations for more invasive procedures. However, the heterogeneity in the studies and the predominance of retrospective designs underscore the need for more robust prospective investigations to confirm these findings and guide clinical practice.
Copyright (c) 2026 Tasilla Ramos, Cesar, Bazualdo Fiorini, Enzo, Segundo Bueno Ordoñez (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Efficacy of pharmacological treatment for closure of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm newborns: a systematic review
Introduction: Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) represents a relevant clinical problem due to its hemodynamic implications, especially in premature newborns, which has motivated multiple studies on its management. Currently, pharmacological treatment is one way to solve this problem, but there is no clear consensus as to which treatment is the most effective and least risky. Objective: The aim of this study was to find the drug with the highest rate of efficacy in PDA closure and with the least adverse effects. Methods: A descriptive systematic review was carried out following PRISMA guidelines. The search was carried out in SCOPUS, PUBMED, SCIELO, COCHRANE and LILACS databases. Results: After applying certain inclusion criteria, we obtained a total of 20 studies, most of which were systematic reviews and cohort studies. Among the studies reviewed, drugs such as indomethacin, ibuprofen, paracetamol and betamethasone have been used, finding that among the first three there is no statistically significant difference in efficacy. Closure rates and adverse effects vary considerably in the different studies, depending on factors such as dose, route of administration and gestational age of the neonate. Conclusions: The studies reviewed show that both ibuprofen and indomethacin have similar efficacy in PDA closure in preterm infants. Indomethacin is associated with higher risks of adverse effects. Acetaminophen appears to be a safe and effective alternative, with a superior safety profile compared to NSAIDs.
Copyright (c) 2026 MARIO ALBERTO CERQUIN SANGAY, Enzo Renatto Bazualdo Fiorini, Segundo Bueno Ordóñez (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Surgical trends in the treatment of type IIIB Gustilo fractures: a systematic review
Introduction: The objective of this review was to identify the most commonly used methods of coverage in Gustilo type IIIB fractures, as well as those that offer the greatest benefits with the fewest risks and complications. Methods: A systematic descriptive literature review was conducted, following the PRISMA statement guidelines and adopting the scientific quality recommendations necessary to ensure the adequate systematization of the information. The search was performed in the PubMed, ProQuest, ResearchGate, and Web of Science databases, selected for their relevance and accessibility. Results: After the selection, analysis, and refinement of the records obtained, a total of 20 studies were included in the review. Conclusions: In the management of Gustilo type IIIB fractures, the choice of coverage technique is a decisive factor in preventing complications and promoting optimal patient recovery. The debate continues regarding the use of free or locoregional flaps, given that both options have comparable results in terms of efficacy, survival rate, and complications.
Copyright (c) 2026 Z. Arana Alvarado, Segundo Bueno Ordoñez, D. Castro Guerra, E. Bazualdo Fiorini, Fernández Cobeñas, Cecilia Elizabeth (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Solitary spinal osteochondroma in childhood. Case report
Introduction: Osteochondroma is the most common benign bone tumor in children. These are benign cartilage-forming lesions. Spinal involvement is rare, and even more so in the solitary form, representing 1 to 4% of lesions. The overlapping course of its symptoms and signs delays diagnosis. Vertebral bone x-rays and soft tissue ultrasound are useful studies to corroborate suspicion. Other methods such as computed axial tomography and magnetic resonance imaging allow assessment of canal and neuroradicular involvement. This allows for early treatment and prevents deformities or permanent neurological damage. The objective of this article is to present a pediatric case of solitary spinal osteochondroma in which imaging studies were very useful for the diagnosis, corroborated by histopathological examination of the lesion.Clinical case: A 7-year-old female patient presented clinically with an increase in lumbar spine volume over the past year. Imaging studies such as ultrasound, lumbosacral X-ray, and computed tomography (CT) scan were used to diagnose the condition, which was confirmed by histopathological examination of the lesion following surgery. The patient's progress was satisfactory. Conclusions: Diagnostic imaging techniques are a valuable tool in our field, allowing us to identify vertebral osteochondromas, correlating them with the clinical presentation, and providing appropriate patient management, as was the case in this case.
Copyright (c) 2026 Madyaret Águila Carbelo, Dionis Ruiz Reyes, Diana García Rodríguez, Leidelen Esquivel Sosa (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0