Educational strategy to raise awareness about antimicrobial resistance with a “One Health” approach

Abstract

Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance is a serious public health problem in many countries around the world and one of the greatest threats to current medicine, and the “One Health” approach is a key piece to address this problem. Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational strategy to raise awareness about antimicrobial resistance with a “One Health” approach, in Medical Offices No. 8 and 10 of the Pedro Borrás Astorga Polyclinic, Pinar del Río. Methods: a pre-experimental study was carried out, with a pretest/posttest design, during the period January-April 2024. From a universe of 1,703 people, a sample of 124 was selected, using intentional non-probabilistic sampling. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used. Results: the female sex predominated (58.8%), the mean age for both sexes was 56.4 ±11.272 years. At initial diagnosis, 57.1% of people had an inadequate level of knowledge, with a predominance of the indicators: food safety (77.4%), rational use of medicines (75.0%) and prevention of communicable diseases (66.9%); after the educational intervention, the level of knowledge was raised in 90.4% of people. The McNemar test yielded significant results (p=0.000; p<0.05). Conclusions: the educational strategy was effective, as it achieved a statistically significant change in knowledge about antimicrobial resistance with a “One Health” approach.