Nursing care of a patient with severe preeclampsia in the obstetrics service of a national hospital, Arequipa-Peru
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62486/sic202322Keywords:
Nursing Care, Post-section, PreeclampsiaAbstract
Preeclampsia is a multisystemic disease with hypertensive symptoms at more than 140/90mmHg, which can occur during pregnancy after 20 weeks or in the postpartum period, affects the mother as well as the fetus, accompanied by altered proteinuria. The objective was to manage the nursing care process in a pregnant woman with severe preeclampsia. Study with a qualitative approach, single case type and as a scientific method of the nursing care process (PAE). The subject of the study was a 31-year-old pregnant woman, to whom the 5 stages were applied: the assessment stage using the guide of the 11 functional patterns of Marjory Gordon, three altered patterns were prioritized: perception of health, self-perception - self-concept and perceptive -cognitive; Nursing diagnoses were developed using NANDA-I taxonomy II and identified: CP hypertension, acute pain and anxiety, according to the SSPFR format (signs and symptoms, problem, related factor/risk factor/associated). Activities were planned based on the interventions and results of the NOC and NIC classification. In the execution phase, the care plan was put into practice, continuing with the collection and assessment of data, aimed at solving problems and needs; the evaluation of the activities was given by the difference of the basal scores and the final score; as results, a change score (+1), (+1), (+1) was obtained. In conclusion, it was possible to manage the nursing care process by providing specialty and quality care to the patient
References
1. Zhu J, Chen J, Wang K, Yan H, Liu Q, Lan Y, et al. Exposure to ambient black carbon and particulate matter during pregnancy in associations with risk of pre-eclampsia: A meta-analysis based on population-based studies. Environ Pollut Barking Essex 1987 2024;343:123230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123230.
2. Haugdahl HS, Sandsæter HL, Lysne M, Bjerkeset O, Uhrenfeldt L, Horn J. Postpartum lifestyle interventions among women with pre-eclampsia: a scoping review protocol. BMJ Open 2020;10:e035507. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035507.
3. Osumi A, Kanejima Y, Ishihara K, Ikezawa N, Yoshihara R, Kitamura M, et al. Effects of Sedentary Behavior on the Complications Experienced by Pregnant Women: A Systematic Review. Reprod Sci Thousand Oaks Calif 2024;31:352-65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43032-023-01321-w.
4. Jacob CM, Killeen SL, McAuliffe FM, Stephenson J, Hod M, Diaz Yamal I, et al. Prevention of noncommunicable diseases by interventions in the preconception period: A FIGO position paper for action by healthcare practitioners. Int J Gynaecol Obstet Off Organ Int Fed Gynaecol Obstet 2020;151 Suppl 1:6-15. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijgo.13331.
5. Meazaw MW, Chojenta C, Muluneh MD, Loxton D. Systematic and meta-analysis of factors associated with preeclampsia and eclampsia in sub-Saharan Africa. PloS One 2020;15:e0237600. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0237600.
6. Moura NS, Gomes MLS, Rodrigues IR, Rolnik DL, Costa FS, Oriá MOB. Clinical Procedures for the Prevention of Preeclampsia in Pregnant Women: A Systematic Review. Rev Bras Ginecol E Obstet Rev Fed Bras Soc Ginecol E Obstet 2020;42:659-68. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1714135.
7. Liabsuetrakul T, Yamamoto Y, Kongkamol C, Ota E, Mori R, Noma H. Medications for preventing hypertensive disorders in high-risk pregnant women: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Syst Rev 2022;11:135. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-022-01978-5.
8. Liabsuetrakul T, Yamamoto Y, Kongkamol C, Ota E, Mori R, Noma H. Maternal-neonatal events resulting from medications for preventing hypertensive disorders in high-risk pregnant women: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Int J Gynaecol Obstet Off Organ Int Fed Gynaecol Obstet 2024;164:19-32. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijgo.14910.
9. Rahnemaei FA, Fashami MA, Abdi F, Abbasi M. Factors effective in the prevention of Preeclampsia:A systematic review. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2020;59:173-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjog.2020.01.002.
10. Smith V, Kenny LC, Sandall J, Devane D, Noonan M. Physiological track-and-trigger/early warning systems for use in maternity care. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021;9:CD013276. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD013276.pub2.
11. Sufriyana H, Husnayain A, Chen Y-L, Kuo C-Y, Singh O, Yeh T-Y, et al. Comparison of Multivariable Logistic Regression and Other Machine Learning Algorithms for Prognostic Prediction Studies in Pregnancy Care: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JMIR Med Inform 2020;8:e16503. https://doi.org/10.2196/16503.
12. Bajwa SJS, Kurdi MS, Sutagatti JG, Bajwa SK, Theerth KA. Point-of-Care Ultrasound (POCUS) for the assessment of volume status and fluid management in patients with severe pre-eclampsia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Indian J Anaesth 2021;65:716-30. https://doi.org/10.4103/ija.ija_820_21.
13. Hong L, Zhu L, Zhang J, Fu Y, Qi X, Zhao M. Association of dietary inflammatory index with risk of gestational diabetes mellitus and preeclampsia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Nutr 2024;131:54-62. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114523001678.
14. Cheng C, Liao AH-W, Chen C-Y, Lin Y-C, Kang Y-N. A systematic review with network meta-analysis on mono strategy of anaesthesia for preeclampsia in caesarean section. Sci Rep 2021;11:5630. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-85179-5.
15. Garti I, Gray M, Bromley A, Tan J-YB. A qualitative document analysis of policies influencing preeclampsia management by midwives in Ghana. Women Birth J Aust Coll Midwives 2022;35:612-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wombi.2022.01.006.
16. Benham JL, Goldberg A, Teede H, Tay CT. Polycystic ovary syndrome: associations with cardiovascular disease. Climacteric J Int Menopause Soc 2024;27:47-52. https://doi.org/10.1080/13697137.2023.2282689.
17. Tiruneh SA, Thanh Vu TT, Moran LJ, Callander EJ, Allotey J, Thangaratinam S, et al. Externally validated prediction models for pre-eclampsia: systematic review and meta-analysis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol Off J Int Soc Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2023. https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.27490.
18. Herdman H, Kamitsuru S, Camila TL. Diagnósticos enfermeros. Definiciones y clasificación. 2021-2023. 12.a ed. España, Barcelona: Elsevier; 2021.
19. Moorhead S, Jhonson M, Maas ML, Swanson E. Clasificación de Resultados de Enfermería (NOC). 6.a ed. España: Elsevier; 2018.
20. Bulechek G, Butcher H, Dochterman J, Wagner C. Clasificación de interenciones de enfermería (NIC). 6.a ed. España: Elsevier; 2020.
21. Tian L, Zhang Z, Mao Y, Zong M. Association between pregnant women with rheumatoid arthritis and preeclampsia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023;102:e34131. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000034131.
22. Schliep KC, Mclean H, Yan B, Qeadan F, Theilen LH, de Havenon A, et al. Association Between Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy and Dementia: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Hypertens Dallas Tex 1979 2023;80:257-67. https://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.122.19399.
23. Pallangyo AS, Seif SA. Knowledge and Attitude of Healthcare Providers on Managing Pre-Eclampsia and Eclampsia During Antenatal Care in Mwanza Region-Tanzania. SAGE Open Nurs 2023;9:23779608231193745. https://doi.org/10.1177/23779608231193745.
24. Laskowska M, Bednarek A. Optimizing Delivery Strategies in Eclampsia: A Comprehensive Review on Seizure Management and Birth Methods. Med Sci Monit Int Med J Exp Clin Res 2023;29:e941709. https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.941709.
25. Alexander BT, South AM, August P, Bertagnolli M, Ferranti EP, Grobe JL, et al. Appraising the Preclinical Evidence of the Role of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System in Antenatal Programming of Maternal and Offspring Cardiovascular Health Across the Life Course: Moving the Field Forward: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Hypertens Dallas Tex 1979 2023;80:e75-89. https://doi.org/10.1161/HYP.0000000000000227.
26. Heshmatnia F, Jafari M, Bozorgian L, Yadollahi P, Khalajinia Z, Azizi M. Is there a relationship between assisted reproductive technology and maternal outcomes? A systematic review of cohort studies. Int J Reprod Biomed 2023;21:861-80. https://doi.org/10.18502/ijrm.v21i11.14651.
27. Chong V, Tan JZL, Arasoo VJT. Dengue in Pregnancy: A Southeast Asian Perspective. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023;8:86. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed8020086.
28. Afraie M, Moradi G, Zamani K, Azami M, Moradi Y. The effect of hepatitis B virus on the risk of pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Virol J 2023;20:213. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-023-02182-0.
29. Zhang S, Qiu X, Wang T, Chen L, Li J, Diao J, et al. Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy Are Associated With Congenital Heart Defects in Offspring: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022;9:842878. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2022.842878.
30. Umamah F, Santoso B, Yunitasari E, Nisa F, Wulandari Y. The effectiveness of psycho-educational counseling in pregnant women with preeclampsia: A systematic review. J Public Health Res 2022;11:22799036221104161. https://doi.org/10.1177/22799036221104161.
31. Tyson K, Teale G, Vasilevski V, Cassells K, Sweet L. A dedicated antenatal clinic for pregnant women with morbid and super-obesity: Patient characteristics, outcomes, perceptions and lessons learnt from establishing the DIAMOND clinic. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2022;62:635-42. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajo.13612.
32. Toloza FJK, Derakhshan A, Männistö T, Bliddal S, Popova PV, Carty DM, et al. Association between maternal thyroid function and risk of gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia: a systematic review and individual-participant data meta-analysis. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2022;10:243-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(22)00007-9.
33. Teshome HN, Ayele ET, Hailemeskel S, Yimer O, Mulu GB, Tadese M. Determinants of maternal near-miss among women admitted to public hospitals in North Shewa Zone, Ethiopia: A case-control study. Front Public Health 2022;10:996885. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.996885.
34. Sakurai S, Shishido E, Horiuchi S. Experiences of women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: a scoping review. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2022;22:146. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-022-04463-y.
35. Rodríguez-Martínez C, Leirós-Rodríguez R. The Influence of Practising Physical Activity on the Prevention and Treatment of Gestational Diabetes: A Systematic Review. Curr Diabetes Rev 2022;18:e200821195742. https://doi.org/10.2174/1573399817666210820110941.
36. Hajifoghaha M, Teshnizi SH, Forouhari S, Dabbaghmanesh MH. Association of thyroid function test abnormalities with preeclampsia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Endocr Disord 2022;22:240. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-022-01154-9.
37. Almasi-Hashiani A, Omani-Samani R, Mohammadi M, Amini P, Navid B, Alizadeh A, et al. Assisted reproductive technology and the risk of preeclampsia: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2019;19:149. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-019-2291-x.
38. Andraweera PH, Lassi ZS. Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Offspring of Preeclamptic Pregnancies-Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Pediatr 2019;208:104-113.e6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.12.008.
39. Haruna M, Matsuzaki M, Ota E, Shiraishi M, Hanada N, Mori R. Guided imagery for treating hypertension in pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019;4:CD011337. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD011337.pub2.
40. Kindinger LM, David AL. The role of the obstetrician in the prevention of retinopathy of prematurity. Semin Perinatol 2019;43:323-32. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.semperi.2019.05.003.
41. Liu L, Su G, Wang S, Zhu B. The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea and its association with pregnancy-related health outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Breath Schlaf Atm 2019;23:399-412. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11325-018-1714-7.
42. Maheu-Cadotte M-A, Pépin C, Lavallée A, Hupé C, Mailhot T, Duchaine C, et al. CE: Gestational Hypertension, Preeclampsia, and Peripartum Cardiomyopathy: A Clinical Review. Am J Nurs 2019;119:32-40. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.NAJ.0000605352.84144.a2.
43. Adorno M, Maher-Griffiths C, Grush Abadie HR. HELLP Syndrome. Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am 2022;34:277-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cnc.2022.04.009.
44. Woo J, Giurgescu C, Wagner CL. Evidence of an Association Between Vitamin D Deficiency and Preterm Birth and Preeclampsia: A Critical Review. J Midwifery Womens Health 2019;64:613-29. https://doi.org/10.1111/jmwh.13014.
45. Aguilar AE, Saavedra MO, Ruíz GCR, Lepez CO, Simeoni IA, Caballero R, et al. El cuidado de Enfermería y su humanización desde lo ético y lo estético. Salud Cienc Tecnol - Ser Conf 2023;2:466-466. https://doi.org/10.56294/sctconf2023466.
46. Asefa F, Cummins A, Dessie Y, Hayen A, Foureur M. Gestational weight gain and its effect on birth outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa: Systematic review and meta-analysis. PloS One 2020;15:e0231889. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231889.
47. Bialy L, Fenton T, Shulhan-Kilroy J, Johnson DW, McNeil DA, Hartling L. Vitamin D supplementation to improve pregnancy and perinatal outcomes: an overview of 42 systematic reviews. BMJ Open 2020;10:e032626. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032626.
48. Gathiram P, Moodley J. The Role of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System in Preeclampsia: a Review. Curr Hypertens Rep 2020;22:89. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11906-020-01098-2.
49. Ghazanfarpour M, Sathyapalan T, Banach M, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. Prophylactic aspirin for preventing pre-eclampsia and its complications: An overview of meta-analyses. Drug Discov Today 2020;25:1487-501. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drudis.2020.05.011.
50. Luna Rios J, Ortíz Ortíz N, Cáceres Ferro D, Zambrano C, Mendivelso Duarte F, Barrero L. Guía de práctica clínica para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la miomatosis uterina en Clínica Colsanitas. Rev Médica Sanitas 2017;20:30-9.
51. Chan HH-L, Lam H-I, Choi K-Y, Li SZ-C, Lakshmanan Y, Yu W-Y, et al. Delay of cone degeneration in retinitis pigmentosa using a 12-month treatment with Lycium barbarum supplement. J Ethnopharmacol 2019;236:336-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2019.03.023.
52. Chuang C-H, Chen P-C, Lee CS, Chen C-H, Tu Y-K, Wu S-C. Music intervention for pain and anxiety management of the primiparous women during labour: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Adv Nurs 2019;75:723-33. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.13871.
53. Jenabi E, Khazaei S, Bashirian S, Aghababaei S, Matinnia N. Reasons for elective cesarean section on maternal request: a systematic review. J Matern-Fetal Neonatal Med Off J Eur Assoc Perinat Med Fed Asia Ocean Perinat Soc Int Soc Perinat Obstet 2020;33:3867-72. https://doi.org/10.1080/14767058.2019.1587407.
54. Makvandi S, Ashtari S, Vahedian-Azimi A. Manifestations of COVID-19 in pregnant women with focus on gastrointestinal symptoms: a systematic review. Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench 2020;13:305-12.
55. Hu Y, Lu H, Huang J, Zang Y. Efficacy and safety of non-pharmacological interventions for labour pain management: A systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis. J Clin Nurs 2021;30:3398-414. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15865.
56. Liao C-C, Lan S-H, Yen Y-Y, Hsieh Y-P, Lan S-J. Aromatherapy intervention on anxiety and pain during first stage labour in nulliparous women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Obstet Gynaecol J Inst Obstet Gynaecol 2021;41:21-31. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443615.2019.1673707.
57. Wright ME, Ginsberg C, Parkison AM, Dubose M, Sherbondy M, Shores E. Outcomes of mothers and newborns to prenatal exposure to kratom: a systematic review. J Perinatol Off J Calif Perinat Assoc 2021;41:1236-43. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41372-021-00952-8.
58. Corrigan L, Moran P, McGrath N, Eustace-Cook J, Daly D. The characteristics and effectiveness of pregnancy yoga interventions: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2022;22:250. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-022-04474-9.
59. de Medeiros KS, Sarmento ACA, Costa APF, Macêdo LT de A, da Silva LAS, de Freitas CL, et al. Consequences and implications of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on pregnancy and newborns: A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Gynaecol Obstet Off Organ Int Fed Gynaecol Obstet 2022;156:394-405. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijgo.14015.
60. Grenvik JM, Rosenthal E, Wey S, Saccone G, De Vivo V, De Prisco Lcp A, et al. Birthing ball for reducing labor pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Matern-Fetal Neonatal Med Off J Eur Assoc Perinat Med Fed Asia Ocean Perinat Soc Int Soc Perinat Obstet 2022;35:5184-93. https://doi.org/10.1080/14767058.2021.1875439.
61. Leutenegger V, Grylka-Baeschlin S, Wieber F, Daly D, Pehlke-Milde J. The effectiveness of skilled breathing and relaxation techniques during antenatal education on maternal and neonatal outcomes: a systematic review. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2022;22:856. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-022-05178-w.
62. Shorey S, Chan V, Lalor JG. Perceptions of women and partners on labor and birth positions: A meta-synthesis. Birth Berkeley Calif 2022;49:19-29. https://doi.org/10.1111/birt.12574.
63. Macena de Almeida ME, Mendes SS, Maria de Vasconcelos Oliveira N, Vasconcelos Neto JA, Lopes LG, Moreira Vasconcelos CT. Peanut Ball Utilization Protocols in Women During Labour and Delivery: An Integrative Review. J Obstet Gynaecol Can JOGC J Obstet Gynecol Can JOGC 2023;45:102185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jogc.2023.07.005.
64. Theroux J, Brown BT, Marchese R, Selby M, Cope V, McAviney J, et al. The impact of pregnancy on women with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a scoping review. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 2023;59:505-21. https://doi.org/10.23736/S1973-9087.23.08086-3.
65. Diez-Buil H, Hernandez-Lucas P, Leirós-Rodríguez R, Echeverría-García O. Effects of the combination of exercise and education in the treatment of low back and/or pelvic pain in pregnant women: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Gynaecol Obstet Off Organ Int Fed Gynaecol Obstet 2024;164:811-22. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijgo.15000.
66. Weng M-H, Chou H-C, Liaw J-J. The effects of unsupervised home-based exercise training during pregnancy: A systematic review. Worldviews Evid Based Nurs 2024. https://doi.org/10.1111/wvn.12712.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Carmen Vanesa Ccorahua Torres, Cinthia Alina Solis Quispe, Sofía Dora Vivanco Hilario (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The article is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Unless otherwise stated, associated published material is distributed under the same licence.
