Arboviruses in the Americas: a review of dengue, Zika, chikungunya, and yellow fever

Abstract

AbstractArboviruses are a major public health problem worldwide, particularly in Latin America. Among the most relevant are dengue, with its four serotypes, Zika virus, chikungunya virus, and yellow fever. These diseases, transmitted mainly by mosquitoes of the genus Aedes, share initial clinical manifestations, which makes differential diagnosis difficult. In addition, they present serious complications such as encephalitis, congenital microcephaly, chronic arthritis, and liver failure, which increase their impact on the population. This review article describes the virological, epidemiological, clinical, and preventive aspects of these arboviruses, highlighting the importance of vaccination, vector control, and epidemiological surveillance as the main prevention strategies.